Energy-starved India is looking to Kazakhstan to make up for a possible loss of nuclear energy from Japan in the aftermath of the 11 March earthquake and tsunami that devastated Japan. This came through on 16 April when India signed an inter-governmental framework on civil nuclear cooperation with Kazakhstan. The pact and other key agreements were signed after talks between Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana.